Practice Areas
Explore our global legal coverage codified, comparative, and actionable.
Human Rights Law
Includes universal and regional human rights instruments such as the ICCPR, ICESCR, ECHR, and ACHPR. Provides tools to track treaty obligations, state reports, Universal Periodic Reviews (UPR), and enforcement decisions by regional and UN bodies.
International Humanitarian Law (IHL)
Codifies the laws of armed conflict, including the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. Supports comparative analysis of battlefield conduct, occupation law, and the protection of civilians and combatants.
International Criminal Law
Includes treaty law (e.g., Rome Statute), customary norms, and case law from ICC, ICTY, ICTR, and hybrid tribunals. Enables codification of war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, and command responsibility.
International Environmental Law
Codifies multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) such as the Paris Agreement, CBD, UNFCCC, and the Basel Convention. Includes climate finance mechanisms, state obligations, and compliance metrics.
International Trade Law
Covers WTO law, regional trade agreements (RTAs), and bilateral investment treaties (BITs). Features codified dispute resolution mechanisms and cross-referenced panel and Appellate Body reports.
International Investment Law
Codifies investor-state dispute mechanisms (ISDS), investment chapters of FTAs, and arbitral awards under ICSID, UNCITRAL, and other rules. Includes treaty standards like MFN, FET, and expropriation clauses.
Migration & Refugee Law
Codifies instruments such as the 1951 Refugee Convention, IOM protocols, and national asylum frameworks. Includes tools to analyze refugee status determination, non-refoulement, and statelessness law.
International Maritime Law
Codifies the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), IMO regulations, and fisheries agreements. Includes tools to assess maritime zones, dispute settlement, and environmental compliance.
Air & Aviation Law
Covers ICAO conventions, bilateral air services agreements, and safety/security protocols. Includes searchable tools for airspace sovereignty, liability regimes, and passenger rights.
Outer Space Law
Codifies the Outer Space Treaty, Moon Agreement, and UN GA resolutions on peaceful uses of outer space. Tracks satellite regulation, liability for damage, and commercial exploitation norms.
International Cyber Law & Digital Governance
Codifies treaties, soft law instruments, and national frameworks addressing cybersecurity, cybercrime, digital privacy, and data localization. Supports comparative analysis of regional regimes (e.g., EU, ASEAN).
Law of Treaties
Provides full access to the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969) and related instruments. Includes clause-level tagging, reservations tracker, and interpretation case law under VCLT Articles 31–33.
State Responsibility
Codifies the ILC Articles on State Responsibility and related ICJ jurisprudence. Enables structured analysis of attribution, countermeasures, and reparation doctrines.
Jurisdiction & Immunities
Covers state and diplomatic immunities, extraterritorial jurisdiction, and universal jurisdiction doctrines. Includes codified instruments (e.g., UN Immunities Convention) and national practice.
International Dispute Resolution
Includes ICJ Statute, UNCITRAL Model Rules, PCA guidelines, and hybrid mechanisms. Codifies procedural and substantive elements of international adjudication and arbitration.
International Labor Law
Codifies ILO Conventions, recommendations, and supervisory mechanisms. Tracks state ratification, reporting compliance, and interactions with trade regimes and supply chain law.
International Development & Cooperation Law
Covers UN and OECD legal instruments on development assistance, debt relief, and cooperation frameworks. Includes treaty-based obligations, SDG-linked provisions, and conditionalities.
Cultural Heritage & Property Law
Codifies UNESCO, UNIDROIT, and bilateral agreements on the protection and restitution of cultural artifacts. Includes case law on repatriation and illicit trafficking.
International Health Law
Includes WHO Constitution, International Health Regulations (IHR), and soft law on pandemics and health equity. Codifies state duties in global health emergencies and right to health obligations.
Private International Law (Conflict of Laws)
Codifies conflict-of-law rules for jurisdiction, choice of law, and recognition of foreign judgments. Covers HCCH Conventions and regional instruments like Brussels I and II.
International Family & Child Law
Includes HCCH Conventions on child abduction, adoption, and maintenance. Tracks enforcement across jurisdictions and interactions with human rights and refugee law.
International Commercial & Contract Law
Codifies the CISG, UNIDROIT Principles, and Lex Mercatoria instruments. Enables clause-level comparison and drafting support for transnational commercial agreements.
Intellectual Property Law
Covers WIPO treaties (e.g., Berne, TRIPS, PCT), regional systems (e.g., EPO), and cross-border enforcement. Tracks state compliance and dispute outcomes under WTO and ISDS regimes.
International Financial Law
Codifies Basel Accords, IMF Articles of Agreement, and transnational banking standards. Includes comparative regulatory mapping and sovereign debt legal frameworks.
International Tax Law
Tracks OECD model conventions, BEPS initiatives, and bilateral tax treaties. Enables codification of double taxation, tax transparency, and global minimum tax principles.
International Sports Law
Includes WADA Code, CAS jurisprudence, and Olympic Charter provisions. Codifies anti-doping rules, athlete rights, and event-related arbitration procedures.
International Telecommunication & Media Law
Codifies ITU conventions, cross-border broadcasting rules, and digital rights norms. Includes analysis of telecommunications governance and freedom of expression safeguards.
International Energy & Natural Resources Law
Covers treaties on transboundary resource management, energy security, and clean energy transitions. Includes codified investment protection, energy charter obligations, and climate-energy linkages.
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